Chapter 10 Class Problem

Swim Company uses a complete standard cost system and produces a single product with standard costs as follows:

There were no beginning inventories. During the month 900 units were manufactured and 800 units were sold at a sales price of $200 each. Overhead rates are based on 1,000 units per month or 2,000 standard direct labor hours, i.e., this is the master budget denominator activity level. Overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours.

Actual results for the month were as follows:
Direct materials purchased 5,000 lbs at $1.94 per lb.
Direct materials used 4,550 lbs
Direct labor used 1,820 hours at $14.80 per hr.
Variable overhead costs incurred $36,250
Fixed overhead costs incurred $55,200

Required: Calculate the following and indicate if each variance is favorable (f) or unfavorable (u). The recommended approach is to make all the entries in T-account format to provide various checks on the accuracy of your answers.

1. Direct material price variance based on quantity purchased.
2. Direct material price variance based on quantity used.
3. Direct material quantity variance.
4. Direct labor rate variance.
5. Direct labor efficiency variance.
6. Total overhead variance.
7. The variable overhead spending variance.
8. The fixed overhead spending variance.
9. The variable overhead efficiency variance.
10. The production volume variance.
11. Assume the budgeted number of units to be produced for the month was 960.
What is the planned production volume variance for the month?
12. What is the unplanned production volume variance for the month?

1. Direct material price variance based on quantity purchased.
    $300 favorable. See T-account entry below.

2. Direct material price variance based on quantity used.
    ($2-$1.94)(4,550) = $273 favorable.   The debit to Materials Control would be $9,700, the
    credit to Materials Control would be $8,827 and the total direct material variance would
    be $173 favorable.

3. Direct material quantity variance.
    $100 unfavorable. See T-account entry below.

4. Direct labor rate variance is $364 favorable.
5. Direct labor efficiency variance is $300 unfavorable.
See T-account entries below.

Direct Labor Entries and Variances

6. Total overhead variance.
7. The variable overhead spending variance.
8. The fixed overhead spending variance.
9. The variable overhead efficiency variance.
10. The production volume variance.

TYPICAL TWO VARIANCE APPROACH	OVERHEAD ANALYSIS	TYPICAL FOUR VARIANCE APPROACH
Controllable Variance $4,550 F Uncontrollable Variance $6,000 U	1. Actual overhead costs Fixed + Variable / $55,200 + $36,250 $91,450 / / 2. Flexible budget based on AHU \ Fixed + Variable \ (2,000)(30)+(1,820)(20) \ $60,000 + $36,400 $96,400 \ 3. Flexible budget based on SHA / Fixed + Variable / $60,000 + (1,800)(20) \ $60,000 + $36,000 $96,000 \ 4. Standard overhead costs (SFOR)(SHA) + (SVOR)(SHA) (1,800)(30) + (1,800)(20) $54,000+ $36,000 $90,000	\ Spending Variances \ VO $ 150 F / FO 4,800 F / $ 4,950 F \ \ VO Efficiency \ Variance / $400 U / / \ \ Production Volume \ Variance / $6,000 U /

11. Assume the budgeted number of units to be produced for the month was 960. What is
the planned production volume variance for the month?

     Budgeted (i.e., planned) hours would be:
     (960)(2 hours) = 1,920. Denominator hours are (1,000)(2) = 2,000. The planned production
     volume variance is (80 hours below denominator capacity)($30per hour) = $2,400 unfavorable.

12. What is the unplanned production volume variance for the month?
         Actual PVV         $6,000 unfav
       - Planned PVV      $2,400 unfav
      = Unplanned PVV $3,600 unfav.

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Direct Materials Entries and Variances	Direct Labor Entries and Variances
Factory Overhead Entries	Factory Overhead Variance Analysis