MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING WEB

Introduction Main Topics Bibliography Books Journals Textbooks Marketplace Links Software
Contents Search maaw Summaries Maaw's Book Featured Pubs Grad Course Maaw's Blog Gadgets Videos

Ittner, C. D., D. F. Larcker and M. W. Meyer. 2003. Subjectivity and the weighting of performance measures: Evidence from a balanced scorecard. The Accounting Review (July): 725-758.

Note by James R. Martin

The purpose of this article is to examine how different performance measures were weighted in a subjective balanced scorecard bonus plan. The authors use theory from economics and psychology to develop and test various hypotheses related to this issue. These hypotheses and test results are summarized in the table below adapted from the authors' Tables 1 & 8. The findings are based on a multiyear field study of a balanced scorecard bonus plan used in Global Financial Services (GFS), a leading international retail banking services provider. They found that subjectivity in the bonus plan allowed supervisors to include factors that were not in the scorecard, ignore measures that were in the scorecard and change the evaluation criteria from period to period. This led to complaints about favoritism in bonus awards and the balanced scorecard was eventually abandoned.

Hypotheses & Test Results regarding the Relative
Weights Placed on Different Types of Performance Measures*

 Underlying Theory Hypotheses Results
Economics-Based Hypotheses Nonfinancial measures that are more predictive of financial results > Nonfinancial measures that are less predictive Not consistent
Objective measures > Subjective measures Consistent for financial and customer measures; not consistent for strategy measures
Psychology-Based Hypotheses Outcome/results measures > Input/driver measures Consistent for financial measures; not consistent for strategy measures
External measures > Internal measures Consistent for financial and customer measures; not consistent for strategy measures
Financial measures > /< Nonfinancial measures Greater weight on financial measures
Objective/Quantitative measures > Subjective/Qualitative measures Consistent for financial and customer measures; not consistent for strategy measures
Measures based on multiple indicators > Single-item measures Consistent for financial and customer measures; not consistent for strategy measures
Measures with targets > Measures without targets Consistent
 A > B:  Weight on measure A is greater than the weight on measure B.
 A >/< B:  Weight on measure A has an ambiguous magnitude relative to the weight for measure B.

* Adapted from Tables 1 & 8, pp. 733 and 750.

 

 

Balanced Scorecard Main Page Performance Measures Main Page

Books
DVDs
Electronics

 Magazines
Software
VHS

Google
 
Web maaw.info